شرح زمن المضارع البسيط The Present Simple Tense

يستخدم المضارع البسيط The Present Simple للتعبير عن عادات متكررة، فمثلاً حينما تقول لصديق باللغة العربية وأنت جالس معه في البيت: أنا أذهب يومياً إلى المكتب من طريق صلاح سالم.

زمن المضارع البسيط  The Present Simple Tense

أولاً: صياغته:

لهذا الزمن نفس صيغة مصدر الفعل مع إضافة “s” في نهاية الفعل بعد أي اسم مفرد أو بعد ضمائر المفرد الآتية: he, she, it، فمثلاً نقول:

He plays

She plays

It plays

بينما نقول:

I play

We play

They play

You play

ثانياً: استخداماته:

1- يعبر عن عادة متكررة أو حدث متكرر مثل:

I often spend my holidays in Hurghada.

They always visit their relatives in the Summer.

She rarely goes to the cinema.

He usually ask for help.

We go to the cinema from time to time.

You seldom spend money.

نلاحظ أن الفعل يظل كما هو في صيغة المصدر بدون إضافة “s” مع الفاعل “I” و “they” و “you” و “we”

ملحوظة هامة:

الأفعال المنتهية بحرف “y” تتم إضافة “s” في نهايتها بعد تحويل حرف “y” إلى “ies” إذا كان حرف “y” مسبوقاً بحرف ساكن مثل:

She studies English for long time

My child always cries when he sees a stranger.

The machine copies many papers in one second.

He rarely replies to the phone calls.

ونرى في الأمثلة السابقة أن مصدر الأفعال المنتهية بإضافة “ies” بعد تحويل حرف “y” هي:

Study, cry, copy, reply

أما الأفعال المنتهية بحرف “o, ss, sh, ch, x” فيتم إضافة “es” في نهايتها مع ضمائر المفرد he, she, it مثل:

He goes to school in the morning.

The good mother always does her best to make her family happy.

She rarely undergoes the pressure.

He watches her all the time.

The father kisses his children.

She pushes the door to enter the hall.

وغالباً ما نستخدم هذا الزمن مع الكلمات التالية:

Always, often, frequently, regularly, scarcely, occasionally, from time to time, every now and then, usually, generally, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, everyday, every week, every month, every year, every season, on Mondays, on Fridays …

2- يعبر عن حقيقة أو أمر واقع مثل:

The sun rises in the east.

Wood floats on water.

The man is the head of the family.

The woman is the queen of her house.

2 plus 2 equals 4

ملحوظة:

I am

He is

She is

It is

We are

You are

They are

أما تصريف فعل “to have” في زمن المضارع البسيط مع الضمائر المختلفة هو كالتالي:

I have

He has

She has

It has

We have

You have

They have

3- يعبر عن حالة في الوقت الحاضر مثل:

He works in a large office.

I like this teacher.

She goes to the supermarket to make shopping.

4- يعبر عن قدرة أو مقدرة في الوقت الحاضر مثل:

She plays tennis very well.

I speak English fluently.

He always wins the matches.

5- يستخدم للتعبير عن المستقبل بعد until, till, as soon as, when, before, after مثل:

After he studies his lessons, he will go out.

I will wait until you do your homework.

6- يستخدم في الجملة الشرطية من النوع الأول مثل:

If you practice sports, you will be strong.

Unless he studies hard, he will not get high marks.

If she is a good girl, she would respect her teachers.

7- يستخدم ليعبر عن حدث مقبل سبق تخطيطه وجدولته مثل:

The new scholar year starts at the beginning of October.

We leave for Cairo tomorrow.

8- يستخدم في الجملة التعجبية مثل:

There she goes!

Here comes the president!

How much she is beautiful!

9- يستخدم في إعطاء تلخيص لقصة أو مسرحية وعند كتابة سيناريوهات لأعمال فنية

ثالثاً: نفي الفعل في زمن المضارع البسيط:

يتم نفي الفعل في زمن المضارع البسيط بوضع “not” بعد الفعل مباشرة أو بوضع “never” بين الفعل والفاعل مثل:

He is not a good boy

I never go to the theatre.

They are not good children.

She does not like strangers.

رابعاً: تمارين:

تمرين رقم 1: صحح الفعل بين القوسين:

1. My wife always (cook) in the evening.

2. He generally (sing) in English.

3. Careless student never (study) hard.

4. This story is about a man who (desert) his family and (go) to live abroad.

5. After she (do) her homework, she will go to make shopping.

6. My father (be) a teacher.

7. Unless he (invite) us, we will not visit him.

8. The sun (give) us heat and light.

9. Rubber (be) a flexible material which (bend) easily.

10. If he (play) well, he will win.

تمرين رقم 2: اختر الإجابة الصحيحة من بين الأقواس وضعها في مكانها المحدد:

1. My parents always…….. the poor. (helps, help, are help)

2. What will you do if he…….. you? (invite, will invite, invites)

3. After she ……. on her clothes, we will go to the cinema. (put, puts, had put)

4. The dogs ….. four legs. (have, has, is)

5. If you ….. late, you will not meet her. (will come, come, came)

6. The man ….. the head of his family. (is, are, be)

7. My sister always…. me. (annoy, annoys, annoying)

8. Go to do your homework, or you will….. a bad student. (is, are, be)

9. Mothers …… rarely impassionate. (is, be, are)

10. Bad boys are those who…. their clothes dirty. (make, makes, will make.

خامساً: حلول التمارين:

حل تمرين رقم 1:

1. My wife always cooks in the evening.

2. He generally sings in English.

3. Careless student never studies hard.

4. This story is about a man who deserts his family and goes to live abroad.

5. After she does her homework, she will go to make shopping.

6. My father is a teacher.

7. Unless he invites us, we will not visit him.

8. The sun gives us heat and light.

9. Rubber is a flexible material which bends easily.

10. If he plays well, he will win.

حل تمرين رقم 2:

1. My parents always help the poor.

2. What will you do if he invites you?

3. After she puts on her clothes, we will go to the cinema.

4. The dogs have four legs.

5. If you come late, you will not meet her.

6. The man is the head of his family.

7. My sister always annoys me.

8. Go to do your homework, or you will be a bad student.

9. Mothers are rarely impassionate.

10. Bad boys are those who make their clothes dirty.